Anthropology 4243: “Terrorism” and “The Clash of Civilizations”

Spring 2011

Robert L. Canfield [McMillan 326; canfrobt@wustl.edu]

Meeting schedule:

Class discussion: Tu/Th 10-11:30 a.m.;

Lab schedule: Tu 9:00-10:00 a.m.

Location: Eliot 300M

Library Website for this Course:  http://libguides.wustl.edu/clash

This course is about conflicts in which coercion is deployed and moralistic terms invoked so as to give legitimacy to violence, even against non-combatants. The code words in the title are bracketed in order to emphasize that we will examine them as terms used rhetorically in public discourse for political effect. When particular social situations are disputed, the disputants deploy moralistic terms of this sort so as to clothe their actions and viewpoints with an aura of legitimacy and to enlist popular support. But when issues are contested, similar terms can be used by opposing sides, with similar but contrary intents: one person‘s ―terrorist‖ is another person‘s ―freedom fighter‖. We refer to Huntington's term "Clash of Civilization" because such terms are used by all sides in the conflicts currently taking place in our times. Certain “extremist” Islamist groups specifically embrace Huntington‘s notion of “the clash of civilizations” (formulated for western audiences) as grounds for their own anti-western posture. Rhetorical formulae such as these are promoted or scorned, embraced or renounced, for essentially strategic reasons in political contests. In this course we examine some notorious situations of conflict in order to identify the particular way that disputing sides have deployed moralistic forms in their own interest – as when popular movements arise and clash with state power (e.g., the Tiananmen Square incident in China), or when coalitions with radical social agendas take form and brutalize neighbors (as in Yugoslavia in the 1990s; Rwanda in 1994), or when widely supported public movements develop seemingly without coordination (the 2006 demonstrations against the King of Nepal), or when movements animated by a shared ambition to establish a non-state political entity (such as Al Qaeda for the re-institution of the caliphate) form across state boundaries, apparently with little coordination.

 

 

Assignments:

1.  Attend the Lab class meetings on Tuesdays at 9 a.m.  Except for the first day every Tuesday for the first ten weeks the class will view a video together preparatory to class discussion at 10 a.m.

2.  Students will have to come to each class ready to discuss a specific reading assignment.

  2.A  Books to be bought in the book store:

Lawrence Wright: The Looming Tower;

Ahmed Rashid, Taliban [2nd edition];

Tony Lagouranis, Fear Up Harsh.

   2.B  Some shorter conceptual works [available in ares] will be assigned.

  2. C  Each student will once in the semester will lead off the discussion topic for the day.

 

3.  In addition, because there is such a huge and recent literature on these topics, members of the class will select a monograph from the list below and will write a summary of the monograph that is to be copied to the other students in the class. The last few sessions of the course will be discussions of the summaries produced by the students, to clarify the significance of each case for our project.

4.  A short mid-term paper will be required in about the seventh week.  The topic will be based on the material covered up to that time.

5.  The final paper will require synthesizing the various issues we examine together in the course.  

6.  Graduate students will be asked to make a presentation to the class about their research interests. 

As the final project of the course students will write a paper synthesizing the material in the monographic cases discussed in the course. Most of our attention will be on the ways that ―terrorism‖ is legitimated by the situations and movements discussed in the course.

 

Grades will be based on participation in class discussion, the mid-term exam, the summary of the monograph read by the student, and the final synthesizing essay.

 

Materials on ares from which additional reading assignments will be made:

*Samuel P. Huntington. 1993. "The Clash of Civilizations." Foreign affairs 72, no. 3, (Summer 1993): 22-49.

Inglehart, Ronald and Pippa Norris. 2003. The True Clash of Civilizations. Foreign Policy March/April 63-70.

Price, David H. 2007. Buying a piece of anthropology. AT 23[3]June, 8-13; AT 23[5]: 17-23 [with Comment]

Said, Edward W. 2001. The Clash of Ignorance. The Nation [Oct 22].

Lewis, Bernard. 2001-2002. The Roots of Muslim Rage. Policy 17(4): 17 – 26.

Website for Project of New American Century: http://www.newamericancentury.org/

Conceptual works from which some reading assignments will be selected

*Wallace, A. 1956. Revitalization Movements. AA 58:264-281.

*Geertz, C. 1973. Ideology as a cultural system. In, Geertz, The Interpretation of Culture. New York: Basic.

*Bailey, F. G. 1991. Prevalence of Deceit (Chapter I, 1-34)

*Kapferer, Bruce. 1988. Legends of People Myths of State: Violence, Intolerance, and political culture in Sri Lanka and Australia.

Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian. (Preface, vii-xxx; Introduction, xxxi-xxxv; Chapter I, 1-26; Chapter II. 27-53, 78-84)

*Anderson, B. 1991 [1983]. Imagined Communities [a selection].

*Williams, Selections from Marxism and Literature

*Barth, F. 1993. Balinese Worlds (Preface, Chapter 10, 11, 12)

*Fox, R. G. 1989. Gandhian Utopia, pp 1-83.

*Kendzior, Sarah. 2006. "Inventing Akromiya: The Role of Uzbek Propagandists in the Andijon Massacre." Demokratizatsiya: The Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization, Vol. 14, No. 4, Fall.

Sahlins, M. 1985. Islands of History. [first chapter]

*Bailey, F. G. 1991. Prevalence of Deceit (Chapter I, 1-34)

Sider, Gerald. 1994. "Identity as History: Ethnohistory, Ehtnogenesis and Ethnocide in

Southeastern United States." Identities 1(1): 109-122.

Nordstrom, Carolyn. 2000. Shadows and Sovereigns. Thoery, Culture & Society 17(4): 35-54.

Qureshi, Regula. 2000. "How does Music Mean? Embodied Memories and the Poltics of Affect in the Indian Sarangi." American Ethnologist 27(4): 805-838.

Sweeney, George. 1993. Self-immolation in Ireland: Hunger Strikes and Political Confrontation. Anthropology Today 9(5): 10-14.

+Keenan, Jeremy. 2006. Conspiracy Theories and ―Terrorists‖: How ―the war on terror‖ is placing new responsibilities on anthropology. AT 22(6): 4-9.

+Moretti, Daniele. 2006. Osama Bin Laden and the man-eating sorcerers: Encountering the ―war on terror‖ in Papua New Guinea. AT 22(3): 13-17.

+Pape, Robert A. 2003. The strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism. American Political Science Review 97(3): 343- 361.

 

 

LINK TO a Tentative schedule of films, discussion topics [If this doesn’t work, click here for a pdf version]

 

Lecture Notes on: Modern History of the Middle East

Link to Library website for this course  http://libguides.wustl.edu/clash

 

Monographs of interest:  some to choose from

[+ = may be discussed in class; * recommended for separate reports; unmarked are not recommended for our purposes]

 

On Torture

*John Conroy. 2001. Unspeakable Acts, Ordinary People: The Dynamics of Torture

*Martha K. Huggins, Mika Haritos-Fatouros, and Philip G. Zimbardo. 2002. Violence Workers: Police Torturers and Murderers Reconstruct Brazilian Atrocities. U. of California Press. [Annihilating Difference: The Anthropology of Genocide, edited by Alexander Laban Hinton.]

*David Chandler. 2000. Voices from S-21: Terror and History in Pol Pot's Secret Prison. U. of Calif.

*Paglen, Trevor and A. C. Thompson. 2006. Torture Taxi: On the Trail of the CIA‘s Rendition Flights. Hoboken, NJ: Melville House.

*Stephen Grey. 2006. Ghost Plane: The True Story of the CIA Torture Program. New York: St Martins. JK 468 I6 G74 2006

 

 

On Terrorism Outside of the Middle East

*Gabriele Garcia Marquez: 1997. News of a Kidnapping. New York: Penguin. [re Pablo Escobar‘s capture]. See another book about Escobar, by Downing?/Browning?

*Mark Bowden. 2001. "Killing Pablo: The Hunt For The World's Greatest Outlaw." Atlantic Monthly Press, New York.

 

Works on War and Genocide

*Hinton, Alexander Laban. 2002. Annihilating Difference: The Anthropology of Genocide. Berkeley: U of Calif. ISBN 0-520-23028-0. Articles on Genocide by Bringa [Bosnia], Schafft [3rdReich], Taylor[Rwanda], $15.00 paper

From Racism to Genocide: Anthropology in the Third Reich (Paperback) Gretchen E. Schafft (Author) University of Illinois Press (February 5, 2007)

Lynching and Spectacle: Witnessing Racial Violence in America, 1890-1940 (New Directions in Southern Studies). Amy Louise Wood. The University of North Carolina Press (March 26, 2009)

Blood and Soil: A World History of Genocide and Extermination from Sparta to Darfur. Ben Kiernan. Yale University Press (February 17, 2009)

Africa's World War: Congo, the Rwandan Genocide, and the Making of a Continental

Catastrophe. Gérard Prunier. Oxford University Press, USA (December 31, 2008)

The Congo Wars: Conflict, Myth and Reality. Thomas Turner. Zed Books (June 15, 2007).

Africa's World War: Congo, the Rwandan Genocide, and the Making of a Continental

Catastrophe. Gérard Prunier. Oxford University Press, USA (December 31, 2008)

Saviors and Survivors: Darfur, Politics, and the War on Terror. Mahmood Mamdani. Pantheon; First Edition edition (March 17, 2009).

When Victims Become Killers: Colonialism, Nativism, and the Genocide in Rwanda. Mahmood Mamdani. Princeton University Press (August 12, 2002)

Becoming Evil: How Ordinary People Commit Genocide and Mass Killing. James E. Waller. Oxford University Press, USA; 2 edition (March 22, 2007)

On Suicide Bombing. Talal Asad. Columbia University Press (June 1, 2007)

King Leopold's Ghost: A Story of Greed, Terror, and Heroism in Colonial Africa. Adam

Hochschild. Mariner Books (October 1999)

 

Recent works on “terror” and deception of the public

*Asad, Talal. 2007. On Suicide Bombing. New York: Columbia University.

*Ayaan Hirsi Ali. 2007. Infidel.

*Aydin, Cemil. 2007. The Politics of Anti-Westernism in Asia: Visions of World Order in Pan- Islamic and Pan-Asian Thought. New York: Columbia University.

*Ayesha Siddiqa. 2007. Military Inc: Inside Pakistan's Military Economy (Pluto Press, 2007).

[Blom, Amelie, Laetitia Bucaille, and Luis Martinez [eds]. 2007. The Enigma of Islamist

Violence. New York: Columbia University.]

*Blom, Mia. 2007. Dying to Kill: the Allure of Suicide Terror. New York: Columbia

University.

*Bonini, Carlo and Giuseppe D‘Avanzo. 2007. Collusion: International Espionage and the War on Terror. Hoboken, NJ: Melville House.

*J. Millard Burr, Robert O. Collins. 2006. Alms for Jihad: Charity and Terrorism in the Islamic World. Cambridge: Cambridge University. [out of print July 2007]

*Sarah Chayes. The Punishment of Virtue. New York: Penguin.

[Robert D. Crews and Amin Tarzi (eds). 2008. The Taliban and the Crisis of Afghanistan. Cambridge: Harvard University.]

Collins, Catherine and Douglas Frantz:  2011:  Fallout:  The True Story of the CIA’s Secret War on Nuclear Trafficking.  New York:  Free Press.

Audrey Kurth Cronin. 2009. How Terrorism Ends: Understanding the Decline and Demise of Terrorist Campaigns. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Danner, Mark. 2009. Stripping Bare the Body: Politics, Violence, War. 626pp.

George P. Fletcher. 2002. Romantics at War: Glory and Guilt in the Age of Terrorism. Princeton University.

Giustozzi, Antonio. 2008. Koran, Kalashnikov, and Laptop: The Neo-Taliban Insurgency in Afghanistan. New York: Columbia University. >http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cup/catalog/data/978023170/9780231700092.HTM  >http://www.amazon.com/Koran-Kalashnikov-Laptop-Neo-Taliban-Afghanistan/dp/0231700091

GoldHagen, Daniel Jonah. 2009. Worse than War: Genocide, Eloimination, and the Ongoing Assault on Humanity. Public Affairs. 658 pp.

*Hahn, Gordon M. 2007. Russia‘s Islamic Threat. New Haven: Yale University.

*Haroon, Sana. 2008. Frontier of Faith: Islam in the Indo-Afghan Borderland. New York:

Columbia University.

Susan F. Hirsch. 2008. In the Moment of Greatest Calamity: Terrorism, Grief, and a Victim's Quest for Justice (New Edition). Winner of the 2007 Herbert Jacob Book Prize, Law and Society Association. With a new preface by the author. Princeton University Press.

*Hirschkind, Charles. 2006. The Ethical Soundscape: Cassette Sermons and Islamic Counterpublics. New York: Columbia University.

*Hoffman, Bruce. 2006. Inside Terrorism. New York: Columbia University.

*Hussain, Zahid. 2007. Frontline Pakistan: The Struggle with Militant Islam. New York: Columbia University.

Michael Ignatieff. 2004. The Lesser Evil: Political Ethics in an Age of Terror. Finalist for the 2004 Lionel Gelber Prize. Princeton University.

Khosrokhhavar, Farhad. 2009 [June]. Understanding Jihadi Movements Worldwide. ????: Paradigm.

*Jaber, Hala. 1997. Hezbollah: Born with a Vengance. New York: Columbia University.

*Levy, Adrian and Catherine Scott-Clark. 2007. Deception: Pakistan, the United States, and the Secret Trade in Nuclear Weapons. ??: Walker & Company (October 16, 2007).

*Lia, Brynjar. 2007. Architect of Global Jihad: The Life of al-Qaeda Strategist Abu Mus‘ab al- Suri. New York: Columbia University.

*Lynch, Marc. 2007. Voices of the New Arab Public: Iraq, Al-Jazeera, and Middle East Politics Today. New York: Columbia University.

*Iftikhar H. Malik. 2005. Jihad, Hindutva and the Taliban: South Asia at the Crossroads. Karachi: Oxford.

*Marten, Kimberly Zisk. 2006. Enforcing the Peace: Learning from the Imperial Past. New York: Columbia University.

*Nonie Darwish. 2007. Now They Call Me Infidel: Why I Renounced Jihad for America,

Israel, and the War on Terror.

*Oliver, Kelly. 2007. Women as Weapons of War: Iraq, Sex, and the Media. New York: Columbia University.

Christoph Reuter. 2006. My Life Is a Weapon: A Modern History of Suicide Bombing. Princeton University Press.

Joan Wallach Scott. 2010. The Politics of the Veil. Princeton University Press.

*Shultz, Richard H. and Andrea Dew. 2006. Insurgents, Terrorists and Militias: The Warriors of Contemporary Combat. New York: Columbia University.

Neil J. Smelser. 2010. The Faces of Terrorism: Social and Psychological Dimensions. Princeton University.

Oskar Verkaaik. 2004. Migrants and Militants: Fun and Urban Violence in Pakistan. Princeton University Press.

 

An earlier monograph list  [+ = may be discussed in class; * recommended for separate reports; unmarked are not recommended for our purposes]

*Abbas, Hassan. 2005. Pakistan‘s Drift into Extremism; Allah, the Army, and America‘s War on Terror. Armonk, NY: Sharpe. [level 3; DS 384. A27 2005] 

Achcar, Gilbert. 2005?. Eastern Cauldron: Islam, Afghanistan, Palestine, and Iraq in a Marxist Mirror. New York: Monthly Review.

*Atwan, Abdel Bari. 2006. The Secret History of Al-Qaeda. Berkeley: Univeristy of California.

Baer, Robert. 2004 Sleeping with the Devil. [level 2; HD9576.S33 B34 2003]

*Bales, Kevin. 2004. Disposable People: New Slavery in the Global Economy. [2nd ed.] Berkeley: University of California. [This is about the rhetorical silence that enables people to be tortured, abused, enslaved so that products for the global economy can be produced.]

Benjamin, Daniel. 2003. The Age of Sacred Terror. NY: Random House.

*Berger, Peter L. 2002. Holy War, Inc.: Inside the Secret World of Osama Bin Laden. New York: Simon and Schuster.

Berman, Paul. 2003. Terror and Liberalism. New York: Norton.

Blank, Jonah. 2001. Mullahs on the Main Frame. Chicago: University of Chicago.

*Brass, Paul. 2003. The Production of Hindu-Muslim Violence in India. Seattle: University of Washingon. 476 pp. Review by M. Desai AA 2005: 142.

*Burke, Jason. 2004. Al-Qaeda: The True Story of Radical Islam. London: Tauris.

*Bryce, Robert. 2008 [March]. Gusher of Lies: The Dangerous Delusions of "Energy

Independence." ???: PublicAffairs.

Calhoun, Craig. 1994. Neither Gods nor Emporers: Students and the Struggle for Democracy in China. Berkeley: University of California.

Calhoun, Craig, Paul Price, Ashley Timmer, eds. 2002. Understanding September 11. New York: New Press.

Clarke, Richard A. 2004. Against All Enemies: Inside America‘s War on Terror. NY: Free Press.

+Coll, Steve. 2004. Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, From the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001. New York:

Penguin. Crile, George. 2003. Charlie Wilson's War: The Extraordinary Story of the Largest Covert Operation in History. New York: Atlantic Monthly.

Ferguson, Niall. 2006. The Twentieth Century: Conflict and the Descent of the West. [800 pp.]. Penguin. [On WW II as ethnic conflict.]

*Fernandez, James. 1982. Bwiti: An ethnography of the religious imagination in Africa. Princeton: Princeton University.

Friedman, Edward, Paul G Pickowicz, and Mark Selden. 2006. Revolution, Resistance, and Reform in Village China. Yale U. P. 340 pp. $45. [Reviewed by Johnathan Mirsky in NYRB May 11, 06 pp 37-39.]

*Gerges, Fawaz A. 2005. The Far Enemy: Why Jihad Went Global. Cambridge: Cambridge University. 358 pp. $27.00.

Goltz, Thomas. 2003. Chechnya diary : a war correspondent's story of surviving the war in Chechnya. New York : Thomas Dunne Books/St. Martin's Press. Pp. xii, 285 p. : ill., map. [level 3; DK511.C37 G65 2003]

*Green, Linda. 1999. Fear as a Way of Life. New York: Columbia University.

*Griffin, Michael. 2003. Reaping the Whirlwind: Afghanistan, Al Qa‘eda and the Holy War. London: Pluto. [second edition].

Gunaratna, Rohan. 2002. Inside Al Qaeda: Global network of terror. Columbia University Press. 0231126921 [level 1; poplit NonF HV6431. G853 2002]

Harpviken, Kristian Berg. 1986. "Political Mobilization among the Hazara of Afghanistan:

1978-1992," (Oslo: Institutt for Sosiologi, Universisteteti Oslo (M.A. Thesis). [N/A]

Harris, Colette. 2004. Control and Subversion: Gender Relations in Tajikistan. London: Pluto.

*Hiro, Dilip. 2002. War without End: The Rise of Islamist Terrorism and Global Response. London: Routledge.

Johnson, Chris and Jolyon Leslie. 2004. Afghanistan: The Mirage of Peace. Zed Books, ISBN: 1-84277-377-1 EAN: Pages: 256. $25.00 Retail (Palgrave Macmillan) LC Call#: DS371.3.J64 2004

Kakar, Hasan. 1995. Afghanistan: The Soviet Invasion and Afghan Response. 1979-1982 [level 3; DS371.2 K3 1995]

*Kapferer, Bruce. 1988. Legends of People, Myths of State: Violence, Intolerance, and Political Culture in Sri Lanka and Australia. Washington DC: Smithsonian.

*Keen, David. 2006. Endless War? Hidden Functions of the "War on Terror". London: Pluto.

Khosrokhavar, Farhad. 2009. Inside Jehad: Understanding Jehad Movements Worldwide. Boulder: Paradigm.

Kinzer, Stephen. 2006. Overthrow: America‘s Century of Regime Change from Hawaai to Iraq. New York: Times Books/Holt. $27.50.

Kohlmann, Evan F. 2004. Al-Qaida‘s Jihad in Europe: The Afghan-Bosnian Network. Oxford: Berg. [She will also read Vidino: Al Qaeda in Europe.]

*Kolhatkar, Sonali and James Ingalls. 2006. Bleeding Afghanistan: Washington, Warlords, and the Propaganda of Silence. NY: Seven Stories Press.

*Malan, Rian. 2000. My Traitor's Heart: A South African Exile Returns to Face His Country, His Tribe, and His Conscience. New York: Grove.

*Mamdani, Mahmood. 2004. Good Muslim, Bad Mulsim: America, the Cold War and the Roots of Terror. New York: Three Leaves.

*Moghaddam, Fathali. M. 2006. From the Terrorists' Point of View. Westport, CN: Praeger Security International.

Napoleoni, Loretta. 2003. Modern Jihad: Tracing the Dollars behind the Terror Network.[level 2; HV6431 .N3654 2003] or:

Napoleoni, Loretta. 2005. Terror Incorporated: Tracing the Dollars Behind the Terror Netowrks. Hagerstown, MD: Seven Stories Press. ISBN 1583226737

Napoleoni, Loretta. 2005. Insurgent Iraq: Al Zarqawi and the New Generation. Hagerstown, MD: Seven Stories Press. ISBN 1583227059

+Naylor, R. T. 2006. Satanic Purses. Montreal: McGill-Queens University.

*Nivat, Anne. 2001. Chied de Guerre: A Woman Reporter Behind the Lines of the War in Chechnya. [ level 3 DK511.C37 N5813 2001]

*Nordstrom, Carolyn. 2004. Shadows of War: Violence, Power, and International Profiteering in the Twenty-First Century (California Series in Public Anthropology,

10). Berkeley: University of California.

*Ohnuki-Tierney, Emiko. 2002. Kamikaze, Cherry Blossoms, and Nationalisms. Chicago: University of Chicago.

Oliver, Kelly. 2007. Women as Weapons of War. New York: Columbia University.

Palmer, Monte and Princess Palmer. 2004. At the Heart of Terror: Islam, Jihadists, and America's War on Terrorism. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. [250 pp + Index]

*Politkovskaia, Anna. 2004. A Small Corner of Hell: Dispatches from Chechnya. [level 3; DK511.C37 T572 2004]

Prunier, Gerard. 2008. Africa's World War: Congo, the Rwandan Genocide, and the Making of a Continental Catastrophe. Oxford University.

Rashid, Ahmed. 2002. Jihad: The Rise of Militant Islam in Central Asia. Penguin [level 3; DS329.4 .R38 2002]

*Ressa, Maria. 2003. Seeds of Terror: An Eyewitness Account of Al-Qaeda‘s Newest Center of Operations in Southeast Asia. New York: Free Press. [HV6433. A7852 Q257 2003]

Richardson, Louise. 2006. What the Terrorists Want. New York: Random House.

Roy, Olivier. 1995. Afghanistan: From Holy War to Civil War. Princeton, NJ: Darwin.

*Roy, Olivier. 2004. Globalized Islam: The Search for a New Umma. New York: Columbia University. [Included in it is ―A Clash of Cultures of a Debate on

Europe‘s Values?‖]

*Rudelson, Justin Jon. 1997. Oasis identities: Uyghur nationalism along China's Silk Road.

New York: Columbia University. [The only current anthropological study of Uyghur society] http://www.utoledo.edu/~nlight/uyghdisc.htm [level 3 DS731 U4 R84

1997]

+Sageman, Marc. 2004. Understanding Terror Networks. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania. ISBN: 0812238087 [level 2; HV6431.324 2004]

Saviano, Roberto. 2007. GOMORRAH. Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

Sayeed, Khalid Bin. 1995. Western Dominance and Political Islam: Challenge and Response. Karachi: Oxford.

Schwartz, Stephen. 2002. The Two Faces of Islam: The House of Sa'ud from Tradition to Terror. New York: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-50692-9 [N/A]

*Scheuer, Michael. 2004. Imperial Hubris: Why the West is Losing the War on Terror. Washington, D. C.: Potomac.

Suskind, Ron. 2007. The One Percent Doctrine. New York: Simon and Schuster.

Taussig, Michael. 1991. Shamanism, Colonialism, and the Wild Man: A Study in Terror and Healing. Chicago: University of Chicago.

Taussig, Michael. 1996. The Magic of the State London: Routledge.

*Taussig, Michael. 2005. Law in a Lawless Land: Diary of a Limpieza in Colombia. Chicago: University of Chicago.

Tishkov, Valerii Aleksandrovich. 2004. Chechnya : life in a war-torn society. With a foreword by Mikhail S. Gorbachev. Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. xviii, 284.

Trofimon, Yaroslav. 2007. The Siege of Mecca. NY: Doubleday.

*Van Der Veer, Peter. 1994. Religious Nationalism: Hindus and Muslims in India. Berkeley: University of California.

+Wright, Lawrence. 2006. The Looming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9/11. New York: Knopf. 27.95 [review by Dexter Filkins, NYT Bk Rev 8/6/06]. [See also The New Yorker, September, 2006].

Zahab, Mariam Abou and Olivier Roy. 2004. Islamic Networks: The Afghan-Pakistan Connection. New York: Columbia University.

[Zhou, Yongming. 2005. Living on the Cyber Border: Minjian Political Writers in Chinese Cyberspace. Current Anthropology 46[1]: 779-804. ]

*Zulaika, Joseba and William A. Douglas. 1996. Terror and Taboo: The Follies, Fables and Face of Teorrism. London: Routledge. 292 pp.

 

Further additions to the above list

Bayat, Asef. 2007. Making Islam Democratic: Social Movements and the Post-Islamist Turn. Stanford: Stanford University.

Beeman, William O. 2005. The ―Great Satan‖ vs. the ―Mad Mullahs‖: How the United States and Iran Demonize Each Other. Westport: Praeger.

Brachman, Jarrett . Global Jihadism.

David Cook. 2005. Contemporary Muslim Apocalyptic Literature. Syracuse: Syracuse University.

Mark Danner. 2009. Stripping Bare the Body: Politics Violence War. 626 pp. Nation Books.

Esfiandiari. My Prison, My home. Kilcullen's recent book, The Accidental Guerrilla, presents the case for a Long War of fifty or even 100 years' duration, with chapters on Iraq (a mistake he believes was salvaged by the military surge he promoted in 2007-08), Afghanistan (where he recommends at least a five-toten- year campaign), Pakistan (whose tribal areas he sees as the center of the terrorist threat) and even Europe (where, he says, human rights laws create legislative "safe havens" for urban Muslim undergrounds).

Limoncelli, Stephanie A.  2010.  The Politics of Trafficking:  The first international movement to combat the sexual exploitation of women.  Palo Alto:  Stanford University.

Maas. Peter. Crude World: The Violent Twilight of Oil.

Peters, Gretchen. Seeds of Terror: How Heroin is Bankrolling the Taliban and Al Qaeda. St Martins 300 pp.

Nicholas Schmidle.. To Live or to Perish Forever: Two Tumultuous Years in Pakistan. Publisher: Henry Hold [254 pp].

Simon, Steven [co-author]. ―The Age of Sacred Terror‖ and ―The Next Attack.‖

Trofimov, Yaroslav. 2007. The Siege of Mecca: The Forgotten Uprising in Islam‘s Holiest Shrine and the Birth of Al Qaeda. New York: Doubleday.