This course is about conflicts in which coercion is deployed and moralistic terms invoked so as to give legitimacy to violence, even against non-combatants.  The code words in the title are bracketed in order to emphasize that we will examine them as terms used rhetorically in public discourse for political effect.  When particular social situations are disputed, the disputants deploy moralistic terms of this sort so as to clothe their actions and viewpoints with an aura of legitimacy and to enlist popular support.  But when issues are contested, similar terms can be used by opposing sides with similar but contrary intents:  one person’s “terrorist” is another person’s “freedom fighter”.  We refer to Huntington's term "Clash of Civilization" because such terms are used by all sides in the conflicts currently taking place in some places.  Certain radical Islamist groups specifically embrace Huntington’s notion of “the clash of civilizations” (formulated for western audiences) as grounds for their anti-western posture.  Rhetorical formulae such as these are promoted or scorned, embraced or renounced, for essentially strategic reasons in political contests.  In this course we examine some notorious situations of conflict in order to identify the particular ways that disputing sides have deployed moralistic forms in their own interest – as when popular movements arise and clash with state power (e.g., the Tianamen Square incident in China), or when coalitions with radical social agendas take form and brutalize neighbors (as in Yugoslavia in the 1990s; Rwanda in 1994), or when widely supported public movements develop seemingly without coordination (the 2006 demonstrations against the King of Nepal), or when movements animated by a shared ambition to establish a non-state political entity (such as Al Qaeda for the re-institution of the caliphate) form across state boundaries, apparently with little coordination. 

Books and Materials to Purchase

In the Campus Book Store:

Rashid, Ahmed.  2008.  Descent into Chaos.  New York:  Viking.
Robert Crews and Amin Tarzi (editors).  2008, The Taliban and the Crisis of Afghanistan, (Cambridge, MA:  Harvard University). 

[Perhaps others works]

In Eres, Library
A course packet of readings will be available. [See below]

[tentatively] Assignments

>  Students will be required to attend the lab sessions [films and videos] scheduled before the official class meeting (8:30-10) on Tuesdays. 
>  Students will have to come to each class ready to discuss a specific reading assignment.  The class will be discussing several assigned books [Rashid, Descent into Chaos; Crews and Tarzi, The Taliban and the Crisis of Afghanistan] as well as some shorter conceptual works [in the course packet]. 
>  In addition, because there is such a huge and recent literature on these topics, members of the class will select at least two other book-length monographs from a list to be provided (see the tentative list below):  students will read them, summarize them and circulate their summaries to the rest of the class.
>  The last few sessions of the course will be discussions of the summaries produced by the students, to clarify the significance of each case for our project.  This is to help students prepare for the last project [see last assignment below]. 
>  In addition, students will collectively work on a chronology of recent events and relationships based one of their readings. 
>  Prior to class once per week students will be required to post a comment or question on telesis concerning assigned readings.  And they may be asked to make comments on the website or on my blog (mainly about Central Asian affairs, where "terrorism" and "the clash of civilization" are continuing issues).
>  Graduate students will be asked to write at least one short paper that engages conceptual issues.  They will also discuss their ideas on telesis and perhaps share some of what they think with the rest of the class.
>  At the conclusion of the course students will write a paper synthesizing the material in the monographic cases discussed in the course.  The focus will be the various ways that “terrorism” is legitimated by the situations and movements discussed in the course. 

Grading
Grades will be based on participation in class, the mid-term exam, the summaries of books presented in writing and orally, short papers written, and the final synthesizing essay.

LINK TO a tentativeschedule for discussion topics

NB:  [Except for the first day] every Tuesday 8:30-10:00 a.m. will be the video viewing "lab."

Lecture Notes on: Modern History of the Middle East

Conceptual works from which some reading assignments will be selected

*Samuel P. Huntington.  1993.  "The Clash of Civilizations."  Foreign affairs 72, no. 3, (Summer 1993): 22-49. 

Inglehart, Ronald and Pippa Norris.  2003.  The True Clash of Civilizations.  Foreign Policy March/April 63-70.

Price, David H.  2007.  Buying a piece of anthropology.  AT 23[3]June, 8-13; AT 23[5]: 17-23 [with Comment] 

Said, Edward W.  2001.  The Clash of Ignorance.  The Nation [Oct 22].
Lewis, Bernard.  2001-2002.  The Roots of Muslim Rage.  Policy 17(4): 17 – 26.

Nordstrom, Carolyn.  2000.  Shadows and Sovereigns.  Theory, Culture, and Society 17(4): 35-54.

Website for Project of New American Century:  http://www.newamericancentury.org/

*Wallace, A.  1956.  Revitalization Movements. AA 58:264-281.
*Geertz, C.  1973.  Ideology as a cultural system.  In, Geertz, The Interpretation of Culture.  New York:  Basic.
*Bailey, F. G.  1991.  Prevalence of Deceit (Chapter I, 1-34)
*Kapferer, Bruce.  1988.  Legends of People Myths of State:  Violence, Intolerance, and political culture in Sri Lanka and Australia.  Washington, D. C.:  Smithsonian.  (Preface, vii-xxx; Introduction, xxxi-xxxv; Chapter I, 1-26; Chapter II. 27-53, 78-84) 
*Anderson, B.  1991 [1983].  Imagined Communities [a selection]. 
*Williams, Selections from Marxism and Literature
*Barth, F.  1993.  Balinese Worlds (Preface, Chapter 10, 11, 12)
*Fox, R. G.  1989.  Gandhian Utopia, pp 1-83.
*Kendzior, Sarah.  2006.  "Inventing Akromiya: The Role of Uzbek Propagandists in the Andijon Massacre."  Demokratizatsiya: The Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization, Vol. 14, No. 4, Fall.
Sahlins, M.  1985.  Islands of History.  [first chapter]
*Bailey, F. G.  1991.  Prevalence of Deceit (Chapter I, 1-34)
Sider, Gerald.  1994.  "Identity as History:  Ethnohistory, Ehtnogenesis and Ethnocide in Southeastern United States."  Identities 1(1):  109-122.
Nordstrom, Carolyn.  2000.  Shadows and Sovereigns. Thoery, Culture & Society 17(4): 35-54.
Qureshi, Regula.  2000.  "How does Music Mean?  Embodied Memories and the Poltics of Affect in the Indian Sarangi."  American Ethnologist 27(4): 805-838.
Sweeney, George.  1993.  Self-immolation in Ireland:  Hunger Strikes and Political Confrontation.  Anthropology Today 9(5): 10-14.
+Keenan, Jeremy.  2006.  Conspiracy Theories and “Terrorists”:  How “the war on terror” is placing new responsibilities on anthropology.  AT 22(6): 4-9.
+Moretti, Daniele.  2006.  Osama Bin Laden and the man-eating sorcerers:  Encountering the “war on terror” in Papua New Guinea.  AT 22(3): 13-17.
+Pape, Robert A.  2003.  The strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism.  American Political Science Review 97(3): 343- 361.

On Torture

*John Conroy.  2001.  Unspeakable Acts, Ordinary People:  The Dynamics of Torture
$19.95, paperback 978-0-520-23039-2 315 pages, 6 x 9 inches
"The most compelling parts of the book are Conroy's interviews with the 'ordinary people' of his title... He approaches torturers not as monsters but as fellow human beings."–John Schwartz, Washington Post Book World 
"Conroy's book is nothing short of gripping... He has allowed himself to identify not only with victims but with those who tolerate torture... He has dared to place himself at the emotional center of his difficult, troubling subject and forced us to follow him there."–Jill Laurie Goodman, Chicago Tribune "A brilliant, disturbing book."–John Krewson, The Onion  "Conroy's book is a page turner."–Carlos Salinas, Amnesty Now 
"Conroy's reporting is inspired."–David Bosco, New York Times Book Review "Intelligent and insightful."–Dan Cryer, New York Newsday
"I am impressed with Conroy's intellectual honesty and unflinching humanity.... He wants to understand how torture happens, and his curiosity drives this disturbing book."–Anne-Marie Cusac, The Progressive (Best Books of 2000) "Conroy's book, the work of 10 years, is thought-provoking, chilling and a brilliant piece of reporting."–Minneapolis Star-Tribune "A Chicago journalist's gripping, disturbing inquiry into torture and human nature."–Chicago Tribune Unspeakable Acts, Ordinary People is a riveting book that exposes the potential in each of us for acting unspeakably. John Conroy sits down with torturers from several nations and comes to understand their motivations. His compelling narrative has the tension of a novel. He takes us into a Chicago police station, two villages in the West Bank, and a secret British interrogation center in Northern Ireland, and in the process we are exposed to the experience of the victim, the rationalizations of the torturer, and the seeming indifference of the bystander. The torture occurs in democracies that ostensibly value justice, due process, and human rights, and yet the perpetrators and their superiors escape without punishment, revealing much about the dynamics of torture. 

*Martha K. Huggins, Mika Haritos-Fatouros, and Philip G. Zimbardo.  2002.  Violence Workers: Police Torturers and Murderers Reconstruct Brazilian Atrocities.  U. of California Press.

[Annihilating Difference: The Anthropology of Genocide, edited by Alexander Laban Hinton.] 

*David Chandler.  2000.  Voices from S-21: Terror and History in Pol Pot's Secret Prison.  U. of Calif 

*Paglen, Trevor and A. C. Thompson.  2006.  Torture Taxi:  On the Trail of the CIA’s Rendition Flights.  Hoboken, NJ:  Melville House.

*Stephen Grey.  2006.  Ghost Plane:  The True Story of the CIA Torture Program.  New York:  St Martins. JK 468 I6 G74 2006

On Terrorism Elsewhere

*Gabriele Garcia Marquez:  1997.  News of a Kidnapping.  New York:  Penguin.   [re Pablo Escobar’s capture].  See another book about Escobar, by Downing?/Browning?

*Mark Bowden.  2001.  "Killing Pablo: The Hunt For The World's Greatest Outlaw." Atlantic Monthly Press, New York. 

Works on Genocide

*Hinton, Alexander Laban.  2002.  Annihilating Difference:  The Anthropology of Genocide.  Berkeley:  U of Calif. ISBN 0-520-23028-0.  Articles on Genocide by Bringa [Bosnia], Schafft [3rdReich], Taylor[Rwanda], $15.00 paper

Recent works on “terror” and deception of the public

*Asad, Talal.  2007.  On Suicide Bombing.  New York:  Columbia University.

*Ayaan Hirsi Ali.  2007.  Infidel. 

*Aydin, Cemil.  2007.  The Politics of Anti-Westernism in Asia:  Visions of World Order in Pan-Islamic and Pan-Asian Thought.  New York:  Columbia University.

*Ayesha Siddiqa.  2007.  Military Inc: Inside Pakistan's Military Economy (Pluto Press, 2007).

[Blom, Amelie, Laetitia Bucaille, and Luis Martinez [eds].  2007.  The Enigma of Islamist Violence.  New York:  Columbia University.]

*Blom, Mia.  2007.  Dying to Kill:  the Allure of Suicide Terror.  New York:  Columbia University.

*Bonini, Carlo and Giuseppe D’Avanzo.  2007.  Collusion:  International Espionage and the War on Terror.  Hoboken, NJ:  Melville House.

*J. Millard Burr, Robert O. Collins.  2006.  Alms for Jihad:  Charity and Terrorism in the Islamic World.  Cambridge:  Cambridge University.  (ISBN-13: 9780521857307 | ISBN-10: 0521857309).  [“Also available in eBook format.  Published April 2006. Unavailable - out of print July 2007] 
(Los Angeles, CA) — Jeffrey A. Stern, President and Publisher of Los Angeles-based Bonus Books, Inc., is speaking out about this week’s decision by Cambridge University Press to destroy all unsold copies of their 2006 book, “Alms for Jihad,” by American authors Robert Collins and J. Millard Burr, in response to a libel action brought against them in British courts by Saudi billionaire Khalid Salim A. Bin Mahfouz. In just one of a series of heavy-handed libel suits against American and British journalists and publishers filed in British courts in recent years, Mahfouz claimed that “Alms for Jihad” wrongly implicates him as having had a significant role in aiding terrorism. // In a similar attempt to halt the distribution of such claims, libel tourist Bin Mahfouz also filed a libel action in British courts against Dr. Rachel Ehrenfeld, after Bonus Books published her 2003 book “FUNDING EVIL: How Terrorism is Financed and How to Stop It.” Ehrenfeld, director of the American Center for Democracy, also alleged Bin Mahfouz of backing organizations with alleged ties to terrorism, a charge that Mahfouz, formerly president of the National Commercial Bank of Saudi Arabia, continues to deny. But Ehrenfeld stands behind her research, and publisher Stern stands by his author.
“I find it utterly appalling that any publisher—let alone one with the history and perceived credibility of Cambridge University Press—would allow themselves to be bullied into making such a decision,” Stern said. “Clearly they must have supported the material before they agreed to a publishing deal with (U.S. authors) Collins and Burr. It’s only now, after being slapped with a suit in the U.K. by the likes of Bin Mahfouz, that they have suddenly decided to concede to demands to pull the book. What’s worse, they have not only agreed to pay damages but they have even gone so far as to issue a formal apology on their website, completely discrediting their authors as having made ‘defamatory allegations’ to which there was ‘no truth whatsoever.’” 
“Alms for Jihad” authors Robert O. Collins, a professor emeritus of history at the University of California at Santa Barbara, and J. Millard Burr, a retired employee of the U.S. State Department, who were not personally named in the libel action, have refused to endorse their publisher’s settlement. // “What happened to freedom of the press?” Stern said. “We’re talking about two very credible American writers here. The very idea that these authors could be silenced in the U.S. by a British court is not only outrageous and fraught with frightening journalistic implications, it’s simply un-American.”
After several copies of the U.S.-released FUNDING EVIL happened to be purchased online by UK buyers, Bin Mahfouz filed suit against Ehrenfeld in Great Britain, where outdated libel laws still put the burden of proof on the defendant. Ehrenfeld was ordered to pay £114, 386.52 in fines and expenses, publish an apology and physically destroy her books. Because she is a U.S. citizen who writes and lives in New York City, Ehrenfeld did not acknowledge the British court. Instead, she filed suit in New York, seeking to block enforcement of the judgment, citing it as contrary to the free speech protections that Americans enjoy. In June, the 2nd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled in her favor, finding that Ehrenfeld’s claim CAN be brought before a U.S. court. The decision was hailed by prominent U.S. civil rights attorney Harvey Silverglate as one of “the most important First Amendment cases” of the last quarter century. As a result, every American-based writer and publisher in similar “libel tourism” situations can now seek a U.S. court decision, requesting that a foreign decision not be enforceable in this country.  // In a recent Washington Times editorial about the Ehrenfeld case, scholar and Jihad Watch director Robert Spencer noted the release of a September 13, 2001 note from France’s foreign intelligence agency, the DGSE (General Directorate of External Security). He stated that French news site Geopolitique.com obtained the note in late June, revealing that in 1996, Bin Mahfouz was known to be one of the architects of a banking scheme constructed for the benefit of Osama bin Laden. The report also claims that both U.S. and British intelligence services had knowledge of this. “This is just the latest addition to the mountain of evidence from which Miss Ehrenfeld constructed her case in ‘Funding Evil,’” Spencer writes. “Even if this evidence is all mistaken, the British libel judgment against Ehrenfeld appears all the more fantastic and unjustifiable in light of the fact that French intelligence agents had documents allowing them to come to the same conclusion she did.”
Ehrenfeld, who is also a Member of the Board of Directors of the Committee on the Present Danger (www.fightingterror.org), told the Chronicle of Higher Education on Monday that she finds Cambridge University Press’ decision “despicable,” and that as she understands it, they “caved immediately.” If and when the New York Court of Appeals decides that there is jurisdiction over Bin Mahfouz, Ehrenfeld’s case would proceed on its merits—allowing Ehrenfeld to conduct pre-trial “discovery” of Bin Mahfouz’s financial activities to further confirm the accuracy of her claims against him.   “We commend Rachel Ehrenfeld for being strong-willed on this issue,” Stern said. “Allowing this sort of ‘libel tourism’ to continue stands to negatively impact every writer and publisher and the U.S.—not to mention the public, who is effectively being forced to fall victim to an insidious and unacceptable form of censorship.”  http://hotair.com/archives/2007/08/02/hot-air-audio-how-one-wealthy-jihad-supporter-is-using-uk-courts-to-killl-american-free-speech/

*Sarah Chayes.  The Punishment of Virtue.  New York:  Penguin. 

[Robert D. Crews and Amin Tarzi (eds).  2008.  The Taliban and the Crisis of Afghanistan.  Cambridge:  Harvard University.]

Giustozzi, Antonio.  2008.  Koran, Kalashnikov, and Laptop: The Neo-Taliban Insurgency in Afghanistan.  New York:  Columbia University.
 >http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cup/catalog/data/978023170/9780231700092.HTM
 >http://www.amazon.com/Koran-Kalashnikov-Laptop-Neo-Taliban-Afghanistan/dp/0231700091

*Hahn, Gordon M.  2007.  Russia’s Islamic Threat.  New Haven:  Yale University.

*Haroon, Sana.  2008.  Frontier of Faith:  Islam in the Indo-Afghan Borderland.  New York:  Columbia University.

*Hirschkind, Charles.  2006.  The Ethical Soundscape:  Cassette Sermons and Islamic Counterpublics.  New York:  Columbia University.

*Hoffman, Bruce.  2006.  Inside Terrorism.  New York:  Columbia University.

*Hussain, Zahid.  2007.  Frontline Pakistan:  The Struggle with Militant Islam.  New York:  Columbia University.

Khosrokhhavar, Farhad.  2009 [June].  Understanding Jihadi Movements Worldwide.  ????: Paradigm.

*Jaber, Hala.  1997.  Hezbollah:  Born with a Vengance.  New York:  Columbia University.

*Levy, Adrian and Catherine Scott-Clark.  2007.  Deception: Pakistan, the United States, and the Secret Trade in Nuclear Weapons.  ??:  Walker & Company (October 16, 2007). 

*Lia, Brynjar.  2007.  Architect of Global Jihad:  The Life of al-Qaeda Strategist Abu Mus’ab al-Suri.  New York:  Columbia University.

*Lynch, Marc.  2007.  Voices of the New Arab Public:  Iraq, Al-Jazeera, and Middle East Politics Today.  New York:  Columbia University.

*Iftikhar H. Malik.  2005.  Jihad, Hindutva and the Taliban: South Asia at the Crossroads.  Karachi:  Oxford.

*Marten, Kimberly Zisk.  2006.  Enforcing the Peace:  Learning from the Imperial Past.  New York:  Columbia University.

*Nonie Darwish.   2007.  Now They Call Me Infidel: Why I Renounced Jihad for America, Israel, and the War on Terror. 

*Oliver, Kelly.  2007.  Women as Weapons of War:  Iraq, Sex, and the Media.  New York:  Columbia University. 

*Shultz, Richard H.  and Andrea Dew.  2006.  Insurgents, Terrorists and Militias:  The Warriors of Contemporary Combat.  New York:  Columbia University.
 

Monograph list from before [+ = may be discussed in class; * recommended for separate reports; unmarked are not recommended for our purposes] 

*Abbas, Hassan.  2005.  Pakistan’s Drift into Extremism;  Allah, the Army, and America’s War on Terror.  Armonk, NY: Sharpe. [level 3; DS 384. A27 2005] 

Achcar, Gilbert.  2005?.  Eastern Cauldron:  Islam, Afghanistan, Palestine, and Iraq in a Marxist Mirror.  New York:  Monthly Review. 

*Atwan, Abdel Bari.  2006.  The Secret History of Al-Qaeda.  Berkeley:  Univeristy of California. 

Baer, Robert.  2004  Sleeping with the Devil.   [level 2; HD9576.S33 B34 2003] 

*Bales, Kevin.  2004.  Disposable People:  New Slavery in the Global Economy.  [2nd ed.]  Berkeley:  University of California.  [This is about the rhetorical silence that enables people to be tortured, abused, enslaved so that products for the global economy can be produced.] 

Benjamin, Daniel.  2003.  The Age of Sacred Terror.  NY:  Random House. 

*Berger, Peter L.  2002.  Holy War, Inc.:  Inside the Secret World of Osama Bin Laden.  New York:  Simon and Schuster. 

Berman, Paul.  2003.  Terror and Liberalism.  New York:  Norton.

Blank, Jonah.  2001.  Mullahs on the Main Frame.  Chicago:  University of Chicago.

*Brass, Paul.  2003.  The Production of Hindu-Muslim Violence in India.  Seattle:  University of Washingon. 476 pp.  Review by M. Desai AA 2005: 142.

*Burke, Jason.  2004.  Al-Qaeda:  The True Story of Radical Islam.  London:  Tauris. 

*Bryce, Robert.  2008 [March].  Gusher of Lies: The Dangerous Delusions of "Energy Independence." ???:  PublicAffairs.

Calhoun, Craig.  1994.  Neither Gods nor Emporers:  Students and the Struggle for Democracy in China.  Berkeley:  University of California. 

Calhoun, Craig, Paul Price, Ashley Timmer, eds.  2002.  Understanding September 11.  New York:  New Press. 

Clarke, Richard A.  2004.  Against All Enemies:  Inside America’s War on Terror.  NY:  Free Press. 

+Coll, Steve.  2004.  Ghost Wars:  The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, From the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001.  New York:  Penguin. 

Crile, George.  2003.  Charlie Wilson's War: The Extraordinary Story of the Largest Covert Operation in History.  New York:  Atlantic Monthly. 

Ferguson, Niall.  2006.  The Twentieth Century:  Conflict and the Descent of the West.  [800 pp.].  Penguin.  [On WW II as ethnic conflict.]

*Fernandez, James.  1982.  Bwiti:  An ethnography of the religious imagination in Africa.  Princeton:  Princeton University.

Friedman, Edward, Paul G Pickowicz, and Mark Selden.  2006.  Revolution, Resistance, and Reform in Village China.  Yale U. P. 340 pp. $45.  [Reviewed by Johnathan Mirsky in NYRB May 11, 06 pp 37-39.] 

*Gerges, Fawaz A.  2005.  The Far Enemy:  Why Jihad Went Global.  Cambridge:  Cambridge University.  358 pp.  $27.00. 

Goltz, Thomas.  2003.  Chechnya diary : a war correspondent's story of surviving the war in Chechnya.  New York : Thomas Dunne Books/St. Martin's Press.  Pp. xii, 285 p. : ill., map. [level 3; DK511.C37 G65 2003] 

*Green, Linda.  1999.  Fear as a Way of Life.  New York:  Columbia University. 

*Griffin, Michael.  2003.   Reaping the Whirlwind:  Afghanistan, Al Qa’eda and the Holy War.  London:  Pluto. [second edition]. 

Gunaratna, Rohan. 2002. Inside Al Qaeda: Global network of terror. Columbia University Press. 0231126921 [level 1; poplit NonF HV6431. G853 2002] 

Harpviken, Kristian Berg. 1986. "Political Mobilization among the Hazara of Afghanistan: 1978-1992," (Oslo: Institutt for Sosiologi, Universisteteti Oslo (M.A. Thesis). [N/A] 

Harris, Colette.  2004.  Control and Subversion:  Gender Relations in Tajikistan.  London:  Pluto. 

*Hiro, Dilip.  2002.  War without End:  The Rise of Islamist Terrorism and Global Response.  London:  Routledge. 

Johnson, Chris and Jolyon Leslie.  2004.   Afghanistan: The Mirage of Peace.  Zed Books, ISBN: 1-84277-377-1   EAN:  Pages: 256.  $25.00 Retail (Palgrave Macmillan)  LC Call#: DS371.3.J64 2004 

Kakar, Hasan.  1995.  Afghanistan: The Soviet Invasion and Afghan Response. 1979-1982 [level 3; DS371.2 K3 1995] 

*Kapferer, Bruce.  1988.  Legends of People, Myths of State:  Violence, Intolerance, and Political Culture in Sri Lanka and Australia.  Washington DC:  Smithsonian. 

*Keen, David. 2006.  Endless War?  Hidden Functions of the "War on Terror".  London:  Pluto.

Khosrokhavar, Farhad.  2009.  Inside Jehad:  Understanding Jehad Movements Worldwide.  Boulder:  Paradigm.

Kinzer, Stephen.  2006.  Overthrow:  America’s Century of Regime Change from Hawaai to Iraq.  New York:  Times Books/Holt.  $27.50. 

Kohlmann, Evan F.  2004.  Al-Qaida’s Jihad in Europe:  The Afghan-Bosnian Network.  Oxford:  Berg. [She will also read Vidino: Al Qaeda in Europe.]

*Kolhatkar, Sonali and James Ingalls.  2006.  Bleeding Afghanistan:  Washington, Warlords, and the Propaganda of Silence.  NY:  Seven Stories Press. 

*Malan, Rian.  2000.  My Traitor's Heart: A South African Exile Returns to Face His Country, His Tribe, and His Conscience.  New York:  Grove. 

*Mamdani, Mahmood.  2004.  Good Muslim, Bad Mulsim: America, the Cold War and the Roots of Terror.  New York:  Three Leaves. 

*Moghaddam, Fathali. M.  2006.  From the Terrorists' Point of View.  Westport, CN:  Praeger Security International. 

Napoleoni, Loretta.  2003.  Modern Jihad: Tracing the Dollars behind the Terror Network.[level 2; HV6431 .N3654 2003] 
or: 
Napoleoni, Loretta.  2005.  Terror Incorporated:  Tracing the Dollars Behind the Terror Netowrks.  Hagerstown, MD:  Seven Stories Press.  ISBN 1583226737 

Napoleoni, Loretta.  2005.  Insurgent Iraq:  Al Zarqawi and the New Generation.  Hagerstown, MD:  Seven Stories Press.  ISBN 1583227059 

+Naylor, R. T. 2006.  Satanic Purses.  Montreal: McGill-Queens University. 

*Nivat, Anne.  2001.  Chied de Guerre:  A Woman Reporter Behind the Lines of the War in Chechnya. [ level 3 DK511.C37 N5813 2001] 

*Nordstrom, Carolyn.  2004.  Shadows of War: Violence, Power, and International Profiteering in the Twenty-First Century (California Series in Public Anthropology, 10).  Berkeley:  University of California. 

*Ohnuki-Tierney, Emiko.  2002.  Kamikaze, Cherry Blossoms, and Nationalisms.  Chicago:  University of Chicago. 

Oliver, Kelly.  2007.  Women as Weapons of War.  New York:  Columbia University.

Palmer, Monte and Princess Palmer.  2004.  At the Heart of Terror: Islam, Jihadists, and America's War on Terrorism. Lanham, MD:  Rowman & Littlefield.  [250 pp + Index]

*Politkovskaia, Anna.  2004.  A Small Corner of Hell:  Dispatches from Chechnya. [level 3; DK511.C37 T572 2004] 

Prunier, Gerard.  2008.  Africa's World War: Congo, the Rwandan Genocide, and the Making of a Continental Catastrophe.  Oxford University.

Rashid, Ahmed.  2002. Jihad:  The Rise of Militant Islam in Central Asia.  Penguin [level  3; DS329.4 .R38 2002] 

Rashid, Ahmed.  2000.  Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil and Fundamentalism in Central Asia. YaleUniv. [level 3; DS371.2 .R367 2000] 

*Ressa, Maria.  2003.  Seeds of Terror:  An Eyewitness Account of Al-Qaeda’s Newest Center of Operations in Southeast Asia.  New York:  Free Press.  [HV6433. A7852 Q257 2003]

Richardson, Louise.  2006.  What the Terrorists Want. New York: Random House. 

Roy, Olivier.  1995.  Afghanistan:  From Holy War to Civil War.  Princeton, NJ:  Darwin. 

*Roy, Olivier.  2004.  Globalized Islam:  The Search for a New Umma.  New York:  Columbia University.  [Included in it is “A Clash of Cultures of a Debate on Europe’s Values?”] 

*Rudelson, Justin Jon.  1997.  Oasis identities: Uyghur nationalism along China's Silk Road.  New York: Columbia University.  [The only current anthropological study of Uyghur society]  http://www.utoledo.edu/~nlight/uyghdisc.htm [level 3 DS731 U4 R84 1997] 

+Sageman, Marc.  2004.  Understanding Terror Networks.  Philadelphia:  University of Pennsylvania.   ISBN: 0812238087 [level 2; HV6431.324 2004] 

Saviano, Roberto.  2007.  GOMORRAH.  Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

Sayeed, Khalid Bin.  1995.  Western Dominance and Political Islam:  Challenge and Response.  Karachi:  Oxford. 

Schwartz, Stephen. 2002. The Two Faces of Islam: The House of Sa'ud from Tradition to Terror.  New York: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-50692-9 [N/A] 

*Scheuer, Michael.  2004.  Imperial Hubris: Why the West is Losing the War on Terror.  Washington, D. C.: Potomac. 

Suskind, Ron.  2007.  The One Percent Doctrine.  New York:  Simon and Schuster. 

Taussig, Michael. 1991.   Shamanism, Colonialism, and the Wild Man: A Study in Terror and Healing.  Chicago:  University of Chicago. 

Taussig, Michael. 1996.  The Magic of the State  London:  Routledge. 

*Taussig, Michael.  2005.  Law in a Lawless Land: Diary of a Limpieza in Colombia.   Chicago:  University of Chicago. 

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