AN305 CENTRAL ASIA IN CRISIS MWF 9 – 10 a.m. Lab Sciences 201 Robert L. Canfield, McMillan 326, canfrobt@wustl.edu Library Site for this course: http://libguides.wustl.edu/centralasia [which will provide links to other sites useful in this course] Also: link to a Chronology of events in Afghanistan after 1880.
		The term Central Asia is used in several ways. Our focus will be the portions of Inner Asia and South Asia that have been influenced by Islam. And these lands have a rich history: a rich pre-history, a rich Islamic history; a rich Turco-Mongol Islamicate history; and a rich modern history. Only an outline of its histories is possible here. What makes the modern period different from those that came before it is the north-south bifurcation of the region created in the nineteenth-century by the rise of the Russian empire in the north, succeeded by the Soviet empire, and by the rise of the British empire in the south, succeeded by the maritime-capitalistic nations dominated by the United States. Because that bifurcation is modern, and is now being removed [at least masked] by innovations in transport and communications, we will look at the region in its wider sense and in its rich history in order to grasp how the new Eurasian heartland might regain its strategic influence on world affairs. Link to Lectures on the Modern History of the Middle East and Central Asia.
		PROVISIONAL READING SCHEDULE		Code: # = Ares
				Code: & = Ethnicity, Authority, Power in Central Asia
					Code: * = Everyday Life in Central Asia
1/18/2011	Tu
1/19/2011	W		Intro
1/20/2011	TH
1/21/2011	F		Prehistory I Lynne Rouse “Silk Roads or Steppe Roads?: The Silk Roads in World History” by David Christian. J. of World History 11(1): 1-26. “The Treasure of Tepe Fullol” by Jean-Francois Jarrige.
1/22/2011	S
1/23/2011	X
1/24/2011	M		Prehistory II Lynne Rouse “The Centrality of Central Asia” by Andre Gunder Frank. Studies in History (1992) 8(43) Sage Publications.
1/25/2011	Tu
1/26/2011	W		# Manz: Historical Background [Cent Asia In Historical… pp 4-23] [Optional: # Canfield: Introduction, Turko-Persia, p 1-28.] Paula Doumi: “Archaeology and Language: The Indo-Iranians,” by CC Lamberg-Karlovsky, CA (2002) 43(1): 63-76; “The Bronze Age khanates of Central Asia” by CC Lamberg-Karlovsky Antiquity 68 (1994): 398-405.
1/27/2011	TH
1/28/2011	F		# Rossabi: The Legacy of the Mongols [C.A in Historical … pp 27-44] RLC on the Spatial Dimensions of Power
1/29/2011	S
1/30/2011	X
1/31/2011	M		# Subtelny: Symbiosis of Turk and Tajik [C.A in Historical … pp. 45-61.] [Optional: # Crews: Introduction on rise of Russia] RLC lecture on N/S and E/W migrations in Central Asia # Manz: Historical Background [Cent Asia In Historical… pp 4-23]
2/1/2011	Tu
2/2/2011	W		# Rossabi: The Legacy of the Mongols [C.A in Historical … pp 27-44] RLC: Islamic empires in Central/South Asia [On Timurids: Manz: Nomad and Settled in the Timurid Military.pdf]
2/3/2011	TH
2/4/2011	F		Khalid: 1-33 RLC: More on the history of Greater Central Asia [On Ethnicity in Central Asia: Manz: Multi-Ethnic Empires and the Formulation of Identity.pdf]
2/5/2011	S
2/6/2011	X
2/7/2011	M		Khalid 34-83 RLC: On pre-modern history of Greater Central Asia
2/8/2011	Tu
2/9/2011	W		& Barfield: Ethnicity, Authority … [Stalin: on ethnicity] Khalid 84-115
2/10/2011	TH
2/11/2011	F		*Levi: Turk and Tajik
2/12/2011	S
2/13/2011	X
2/14/2011	M		# Van Brunissen [Geneva] Turko-Iranian World We discussed Levi: Turk and Tajik
2/15/2011	Tu
2/16/2011	W		# Tapper [Geneva] Local-level Constructions of Turk and … Stalin: Marxism and the National Question. http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1913/03a.htm#s1 RLC lecture: Sufism, it’s history and formation AN305: Draft of The writing assignment. The peoples of Central Asia have had two experiences of severe and dramatic change owing to shifts in their relation to colonial powers. One was the rise of the Russian/Soviet empire in the region; the other was the sudden demise of the empire. Explain how these two cataclysmic events affected the religious practice of Muslims in Central Asia, as Khalid presents the history. 5-7 pp due March 2.
2/17/2011	TH
2/18/2011	F		Yuri Slezkine. 1994. “The USSR as a Communal Apartment, or How a Socialist State Promoted Ethnic Particularism” Slavic Review PAPER DUE: CHRONOLOGY OF EARLY CENTRAL ASIAN HISTORY. Lecture: Sufism in Central Asia
2/19/2011	S
2/20/2011	X
2/21/2011	M		Library site. Demonstrations in ME [Lybia] and what they mean. Slezkine. Modern history of ME and Central Asia. Assignment for next time. Writing assignement. AN305: Draft of The writing assignment. The peoples of Central Asia have had two experiences of severe and dramatic change owing to shifts in their relation to colonial powers. One was the rise of the Russian/Soviet empire in the region; the other was the sudden demise of the empire. Explain how these two cataclysmic events affected the social life and affairs of Muslims in Central Asia, as Khalid presents the history by tracking the issues the Central Asian populations faced with respect to one of the following topics: Sufism, education, collective worship. (Or if you have a topic of special interest other than these you may propose them for consideration.) 5-7 pp due March 4 [Changed to March 11].
2/22/2011	Tu
2/23/2011	W		Shahrani: “Local Knowledge of Islam and Social Discourse in Afghanistan and Turkistan in the Modern Period” In: Turko-Persia in Historical Perspective. Pp 161-188. A special writing assignment based on Shahrani I’m sorry that I can’t be with you today but in view of how contagious I am I think it is best to spare you. However, I do have a project for you, based on the article by Shahrani which we were supposed to discuss today. Write a paper describing the moral world that Shahrani describes. On the basis of his article describe the critical elements of the moral world that is created for those who are socialized in this tradition. What kind of issues are important ? What kind of leaders or authorities are important and on what grounds? What kinds of virtues and values are important in this world? What elements of the past are important?; what elements of the future are important? Ground your notes to the article, this article only. I will pick up your papers next time. Because I have to do this it will be possible to simplify the writing assignment that will be based on Khalid’s book. This is merely an opportunity to induce you to get what you learn from this article down on paper. Make it as simple and clear as possible: no fancy introductions, no fancy conclusions. Just describe the world that Shahrani presents to you. Length: 3 pages? Actually, again I don’t care but I would like you to address the issue in as specific and concrete a form as possible.
2/24/2011	TH
2/25/2011	F		& Kazakhstan: Khazanov Discuss Shahrani Lecture from the Middle East /Central Asia History chart. Discuss Shahrani The themes, authorities, NB little Koran, no hadith NB a later move in India: emphasize Koran/Hadith The Middle East /Central Asia History chart. 18^th-19^th Centuries: European expansion into C.A.; Wahhabis: Ibn Wahhab [18^th century, when Britain was expanding into India; Russia eastward into Siberia and Central Asia] Ottomans: losses at war British take Egypt 1882-1914 late 19^th C: Al Afghani and the reform movement, “Arab Awakening”: Islam is rational, compatible with Enlightenment thought; modern technology was no contradiction to Islam; Pan-Islamic vs the European hegemonies. M Abduh in Egypt [too progressive]; Gasprinskii, Education, new curriculum pan-Turkic Arabia: Rashidis vs Saudi families 19^th c.-20^th c. Ibn Saud takes Riyath, makes a deal with Wahhabis Early 20^th c. Russia loses a war with Japanese in 1905 Russia, public demonstrations “revolution” [only in the western part of Russia?]
2/26/2011	S
2/27/2011	X
2/28/2011	M		Khalid 116-139; [Lecture on Gorbachev period; Afghan war]
3/1/2011	Tu
3/2/2011	W		Khalid 140-167; [Lecture on the Islamist opposition and the wars]
3/3/2011	TH
3/4/2011	F		Khalid 168-203 Lecture: Discuss the chapter; review of the book PAPER assignment due [changed to 3/11/11]. Edwards [Selection]
3/5/2011	S
3/6/2011	X
3/7/2011	M		Fenton: “The Day They Buried the Ayatollah.” [ares] Lecture: 1979 crises: Iranian Revolution, Grand Mosque coup, and The Crisis in Pakistan
3/8/2011	Tu
3/9/2011	W		Assignment: Steve Coll: “We’re Going to Die Here.” In: Ghost Wars.
3/10/2011	TH
3/11/2011	F		PAPER assignment on Khalid due. The writing assignment. The peoples of Central Asia have had two experiences of severe and dramatic change owing to shifts in their relation to colonial powers. One was the rise of the Russian/Soviet empire in the region; the other was the sudden demise of the empire. Explain how these two cataclysmic events affected the social life and affairs of Muslims in Central Asia, as Khalid presents the history by tracking the issues the Central Asian populations faced with respect to one of the following topics: Sufism, education, collective worship. (Or if you have a topic of special interest other than these you may propose them for consideration.) 5-7 pp due March 4. RLC: Pix from Afghanistan Griffin: “Warriors of God” pp 30-47 In: Reaping the Whirlwind. Canfield: Fraternity, Power, and Time in Central Asia & Xinjiang: Beller-Hann
3/12/2011	S
3/13/2011	X
3/14/2011	M		BREAK
3/15/2011	Tu
3/16/2011	W		BREAK
3/17/2011	TH
3/18/2011	F		BREAK
3/19/2011	S
3/20/2011	X
3/21/2011	M		NB: change: Afghan War: O. Roy Afgh: From Holy War to Civil War pp 79-102, 105-115. Griffin: Ch 2 “City of Night” of Reaping the Whirlwind.
3/22/2011	Tu
3/23/2011	W		& Uzbekistan: Finke Tajikistan: A. Rashid: Ch 5 Tajikistan War, In: Jihad… The battle of Kabul, 1992-1996. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sieges_of_Kabul; Selection from Mousavi: Hazaras of Afghanistan
3/24/2011	TH
3/25/2011	F		# Uzbekistan: A. Rashid: Ch 7 Namangani and the UMI.In: Jihad … RLC: “Fraternity Power and Time in Central Asia” In, Crews, The Taliban and the Crisis of Afghanistan
3/26/2011	S
3/27/2011	X
3/28/2011	M		& Uzbekistan: Fathi # Uzbekistan: A. Rashid: Ch 8 Namangani and Jihad in Central Asia.In: Jihad … The neo-Taliban, since ~ 2006: Waldman Relationship bn Taliban and Pakistan [Pak: Waldman.pdf]
3/29/2011	Tu
3/30/2011	W		Review. Critical terms: Zaher Shah, Daoud Khan, Hafizullah Amin, Nur M. Taraki, Mullah Muhammad Omar, Haqqani Madrassah, Gulbudding Hekmatyar, Ahmad Shah Mas’ud, Abdul Rashid Dostam, Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, Benazir Bhutto, Asef Ali Zardali, Northern Alliance, InterServices Intelligence Directorate [ISI], Deobandi, Arab Afghans, Juma Namangani, Hizb ut Tahrir, Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan, Islamic Renaissance Party, Najibullah, Babrak Karmal, Amir ul- Mu’munin, Muhammad Zia-ul Haq, Hizb-I Islami [Hekmatyar’s party], Quetta Shura, Haqqani Shura, Jalaluddin Haqqani, Lashkar-i Taiba, PDPA [=Khalq], Parcham/Parchamis, Hizb-i Islami, Abdul Ali Mazari.
3/31/2011	TH
4/1/2011	F		EXAM / PAPER Charles Kurzman. "Uzbekistan: The Invention of Nationalism in an Invented Nation," Critique: Journal for Critical Studies of the Middle East, No. 15, Fall 1999, pp. 77-98.
4/2/2011	S
4/3/2011	X
4/4/2011	M		* [Ch 2] Turkmenistan: Edgar [“Everyday Life among Turkmen Nomads”] Niyozov Ruhnama [excerpts]
4/5/2011	Tu
4/6/2011	W		Turkmenistan: Clement "Alphabet Changes …"
4/7/2011	TH
4/8/2011	F		Robert Saunders. 2007. “In Defense of Kazakshilik: Kazakhstan’s War on Sacha Baron Cohen,” Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power 14: 3  (In class: Borat, excerpts) AN305 4/8/11 A comment about what we are doing. The essential task is to prepare you to write an essay that will entail comparison and contrast among the several states of Central Asia. Pursuant to that there are readings and there are discussions about the readings for which you will be responsible. The kind of comparison that I want in the final paper includes empirical details and also the particular challenges that each of these states has to deal with. Identity will be important for all of these states. This is the relevance of branding, the topic of our paper today: how do the states seek to brand themselves? Watch for the specific dilemmas each has to deal with – problems of resources, competition in trade, and branding, building for the future, etc. Watch how those in power seek to justify and enforce their holds on power. Now that we have this unusual gift of Professor Farhad Maksudov as a participant in the class our discussions are going to be richer in the sense that he brings to the discussion a great deal of experience and detail about our topics that you will be responsible for. So the class meetings will be all the more important; do your best not to miss class because all this material will be relevant for your paper. I am asking Dr Maksudov to give a lecture on his special interest: water resources of Central Asia. He will be giving me an article or two relating to his topic for you to read in advance. So I will be changing the reading schedule at some point. Keep atuned. The assignment for next time is about hospitality, a common practice, and the importance given to it by the peoples of the central Asia. Come prepared to discuss not only what the practice is and why it seems to be so vital in Central Asian society.
4/9/2011	S
4/10/2011	X
4/11/2011	M		*Michaels: Kazakh Hospitality pp145-159.
4/12/2011	Tu
4/13/2011	W		* Kazakhstan/ Uzbekistan: Sarchak-Finke, “Gender” :* Kyrgyzstan: Abramson & Karimiv: “Sacred Sites …” Professor Farhod Maksudov on water issues among the Central Asian states. [Erika Weinthal. 2006. Water Conflict and Cooperation in Central Asia: Prepared as Background Paper for the UN Human Development Report 2006.; International Crisis Group. 2002. Central Asia: Water and Conflict. ICG Asia Report No 34.]
4/14/2011	TH
4/15/2011	F		# Tajikistan: Atkin [from Manz] Uzbekistan: Sarah Kendzior. 2006. “Inventing Akromiya: The Role of Uzbek Propagandists in the Andijon Massacre” Demokratizatsiya: The Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization, 14 (4): 545-562
4/16/2011	S
4/17/2011	X
4/18/2011	M		Uzbekistan: Sarah Kendzior. 2006. “Inventing Akromiya: The Role of Uzbek Propagandists in the Andijon Massacre” Demokratizatsiya: The Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization, 14 (4): 545-562 Uzbekistan: Megoran: Framing Andijon CAS 2008; Optional: Kendzior Poetry of Witness A. Rashid. 2002. Jihad. Ch7 Namangani and the IMU;
4/19/2011	Tu
4/20/2011	W		Uzbekistan: Megoran: Framing Andijon CAS 2008; Optional: Kendzior Poetry of Witness * Kyrgyzstan: Liu Kazakhstan: Jihad: Ch 8: Namangani and Jihad in Central Asia.
4/21/2011	TH
4/22/2011	F		* Kyrgyzstan: Liu Kazakhstan: * Kyrgyzstan: Reeves Everyday Life Karimov’s book on Uzbekistan
4/23/2011	S
4/24/2011	X
4/25/2011	M		* Kyrgyzstan: Reeves Everyday Life Kyrgyzstan: Reeves London Review Rashid: Jihad: The Islamic Renaissance Party and the Civil War in Tajikistan
4/26/2011	Tu
4/27/2011	W		Kyrgyzstan: Reeves London Review FINAL QUESTION WAS HANDED OUT
4/28/2011	TH
4/29/2011	F		Last day of class. Shonin Anacker. “Geographies of Power in Nazarbayev's Astana” Eurasian Geography and Economics , Volume 45, Number 7, October 2004, pp. 515-533.
4/30/2011	S
5/1/2011	X
5/2/2011	M