| John Baugh has studied African-American speech and linguistic profiling in the US. | Derek Pardue is investigating the socio-linguistic significance of Criolo language in Lisbon, Portugal as performed by rappers, who were born or are second generation African immigrants from Mozambique, Angola, Cabo Verde, Guinea-Bissau, and Sao Tome e Principe. | John Bowen has worked on the history of verbal art in Indonesia, and on Islamic poetry in Aceh province. |